The history of Australia from 1788 to 1850 covers the early colonial period of Australia's history, from the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Sydney, New South Wales, who established the penal colony, the scientific exploration of the continent and later, establishment of other Australian colonies. His ship, HMS Endeavour, carried the famous scientists, Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Solander who were going to Tahiti where they would watch the planet Venus pass in front of the Sun. The Australian Colonies Government Act [1850] allowed constitutions for New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II as Queen of Australia and Head of State and a Governor-General who is chosen by the Prime Minister to carry out all the duties of the Queen in Australia. But soon they began to farm, and more people came. The transportation of convicts to Australia ended in the 1840s and 1850s and more changes came. The other colonies soon followed. The only Aboriginal buildings that are known are fish-traps made from stones piled up in the river, and the remains of a few stone huts in Victoria and Tasmania. More than 60,000 Australians were killed. Soon, Australia's Aborigines were outnumbered by Europeans, and many were made to live on reserves. Australia started trading more with America, than Japan. The Dutch governor, van Diemen, sent Abel Tasman on a voyage of discovery and he found Tasmania, which he named Van Diemen's Land. Share. The largest inland city is Canberra, which is also the nation's capital. The first European explorations did not begin until the 17th century. [1][2] The first people who arrived in Australia were the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders. By the 1780s the gaols of England were so full that convicts were often chained up in rotting old ships. The boomerang was used in some areas for sport and for hunting. Arthur Phillip led them as the first Governor of New South Wales. He mapped the country as he went, and his maps remained in use for more than 100 years. They collected hundreds of plants to take back to England. In 1872 an overland telegraph was made from Darwin to Adelaide. Australia took 6.5 million immigrants in the 60 years after World War Two, including around 660,000 refugees.[26]. He called it New South Wales, and claimed it for Britain. They fought bravely, but were beaten by the Turks. For a more detailed discussion of Aboriginal culture, see Australian Aboriginal peoples. They lived by hunting, fishing and gathering. There was only one man who was a farmer. The states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. From 1788 to 1868 Britain transported more than 160,000 convicts from its overcrowded prisons to the Australian colonies, forming the basis of the first migration from Europe to Australia. Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander went ashore and were astonished to find that they did not know what any of the plants or birds or animals that they saw were. The first governments in the colonies were run by Governors chosen by London. Australia was colonised by people from Britain,[27] but today people from all over the world live there. [3] The explorers thought no crops could be grown and so it would be difficult for people to live there. He called it New South Wales, and claimed it for Britain. 4. They also fought on the Western Front. Over the next 25 years, millions of people came to Australia. Aboriginal artefacts on Rottnest Island have been dated from 6,500 to more than 30,000 years ago. Many Indigenous Australians suffered when Europeans from Britain and Ireland arrived in Australia. At last they sailed into a large open bay which was full of fish and stingrays which the sailors speared for food. All the plants were different so no-one knew which ones could be eaten. Ludwig Leichhardt got lost twice. No-one knew how to fix the tools when they broke. Captain Phillip found that Botany Bay was flat and windy. Free immigrants began arriving in the 1790s.[3]. Aborigines invented tools like the boomerang and spear. Some people, like Captain Charles Sturt were sure that there must be a sea in the middle of Australia and set out to find it. This article discusses the history of Australia from the arrival of European explorers in the 16th century to the present. In 1855, the right to vote was given to all men over 21 in South Australia. 308 [32] Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett and Heath Ledger became global stars during the 1990s and Australia starring Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman made a lot of money in 2008. But there were no houses and no fences. But voices were getting louder for all of them to come together as one country with a national parliament. Convict transportation ended in the 1840s and 1850s and more changes came.

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